Transformerless Vs Transformer based UPS system

Transformer-based UPS system

A transformer-based uninterruptible power supply (UPS) contains a transformer to convert incoming AC power to DC power, which is then inverted back to AC power to supply connected loads which helps in voltage regulation, isolation, and impedance matching. The AC power is first stepped down or stepped up by the transformer, depending on the input voltage level. The transformed AC power is then rectified to DC power using diodes. This DC power is filtered and stored in batteries. During an outage, the DC power is inverted back to AC power by the inverter section on the UPS and supplied to the contacted load/s.

This type of UPS typically offers better output voltage regulation and can handle a wider range of input voltages. However, transformer-based UPS tend to be larger, heavier, and more expensive compared to transformerless UPS.

Transformer based UPS technology has been around for a lot longer than transformerless technology. The UPS are typically specified in sectors requiring a more ‘rugged’ backup power supply such as manufacturing plants, refineries, marine and offshore, and chemical processing plants to protect sensitive machinery, control systems, and process equipment.  

Healthcare facilities such as Hospitals, clinics, and medical laboratories also use transformer-based UPS systems to safeguard medical equipment, patient monitoring systems, and electronic health records. Continuous power supply is crucial in healthcare settings to ensure patient safety and uninterrupted medical services.

 

Transformerless UPS System

In contrast, a transformerless uninterruptible power supply is designed without the need for a transformer using advanced electronic circuitry such as high-frequency converters and capacitors to perform the conversion from AC to DC and back to AC.

The incoming AC power is rectified directly to DC power using electronic components like diodes and thyristors. This DC power is then stored in batteries and supplied to an inverter The inverter converts the DC power back to. AC power, which is then supplied to the load/s.

Transformerless UPS systems typically operate at high frequencies, enabling the smaller and more efficient components making the overall UPS system more compact, lightweight, and cost-effective. They are typically specified in sectors such as data centres, IT and networking, telecommunications, healthcare, retail and other applications where compact size, high efficiency and cost effectiveness are paramount factors.

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Advantages of Transformer based UPS systems:

  1. Voltage Regulation: Transformer-based UPS systems offer excellent voltage regulation due to the inherent characteristics of the transformer, ensuring a stable output voltage even during fluctuations in the input voltage.
  2. Isolation: The transformer provides galvanic isolation between the input and output, protecting connected equipment from electrical disturbances and noise on the utility power grid.
  3. Compatibility: They are well-suited for sensitive equipment and applications that require precise voltage control, such as data centres, industrial facilities, and healthcare environments.
  4. Reliability: Transformer-based UPS systems have a proven track record of reliability and durability, making them a trusted choice for critical applications.

 

Disadvantages of Transformer based UPS systems:

  1. Size and Weight: The presence of a transformer makes transformer-based UPS systems larger, heavier, and bulkier compared to transformerless alternatives, requiring more floor space for installation.
  2. Efficiency: They are generally less energy-efficient compared to transformerless UPS systems, with higher losses associated with the transformer.
  3. Cost: Transformer-based UPS systems tend to be more expensive upfront due to the cost of the transformer and associated components.
  4. Maintenance: The transformer may require regular maintenance and servicing, adding to the overall cost of ownership and potential downtime during maintenance periods.

 

Advantages of Transformerless UPS Systems:

  1. Compact Size: Transformerless UPS systems are more compact, lightweight, and space-efficient, making them suitable for applications where space is limited or costly, such as small IT rooms or retail environments.
  2. Energy Efficiency: They typically have higher energy efficiency due to the absence of a transformer, resulting in lower operating costs and reduced environmental impact.
  3. Cost-Effectiveness: Transformerless UPS systems are often more cost-effective upfront compared to transformer-based alternatives, offering savings in initial investment.
  4. Fast Response Time: They generally have faster response times to changes in load and input voltage, ensuring quick switchover to battery power during outages or fluctuations.

  

Disadvantages of Transformerless UPS Systems:

  1. Voltage Regulation: While transformerless UPS systems provide adequate voltage regulation for most applications, they may not offer the same level of precision as transformer-based UPS, especially under certain operating conditions.
  2. Isolation: The absence of a transformer means transformerless UPS systems may have limited isolation capabilities, potentially exposing connected equipment to electrical noise and disturbances.
  3. Compatibility: They may not be suitable for applications requiring high levels of isolation or equipment sensitivity, such as certain industrial or medical environments.

 

Power Control has been supplying, installing, commissioning and maintaining transformer based and transformerless uninterruptible power supplies for three decades. View our full range of UPS systems here or contact us for more information 01246 431 431, info@powercontrol.co.uk